July 2010
Content
Thailand Situation at the International Ranking
Thailand Gender Disaggregated Statistics.
Gender Development Index Plus: GDI+
Thailand’s Gender Information Center
Conclusion
Thailand Situation at the International Ranking
GDI+
GDI+ is an expanded version of the GDI. It takes an advantage of a wide range of gender-disaggregated data in Thailand. GDI+ ranked Thailand's 76 provinces according to their level of gender disparity.
The concept of GDI+ based on GDI, GEM, and HAI.
GDI+ components
Health (Mortality rate, Under-five mortality rate & Disability and handicap rate)
Education ( Years of schooling of population 15 years and over , Upper secondary gross enrolment rate & Upper secondary average O-net score)
Employment (Labour participation, Employment rate & Worker with social security)
GDI+ components (cont.)
Income (Average household income by sex of head of household, Indebted household owning house and land by sex of head of household& Poverty incidence)
Participation (Senatorial candidacy rate, MP candidacy rate and Cooperarative executives)
Leadership (Elected MPs, Local government executives, Executives of the Provincial Chamber of Commerce, Cooperatives & Community organization leaders.
GDI PLUS
GDI Plus by Region
GDI Plus Indices by Region
GDI Plus by Region
http://www.gender.go.th/
http://www.gender.go.th/elearning/content/officer/
http://www.gender.go.th/elearning/content/young/
http://www.gender.go.th/elearning/content/political/
Obstacles
Sunday, October 3, 2010
Migrants & Employment
Gender perspective: Thai migrants in the Netherlands
BY
Matana Kester-Kotsan
Amsterdam, 9-7-2010
About me
Educational background
•BA (International Relations), BKK
•MA (International Social Development), Sydney
•Msc (Migration, Ethnic Relations & Multiculturalism), Utrecht
Professional Background
•Ministry of Labour (International Affairs)
•Royal Thai Embassy, the Hague (Education Cooperation)
•Women & Employment (I)
•Women & Employment (II)
•Migrants & Employment
•Migrants women
•Migrant Women from Asia & Africa
•Thai migrant in the NL (I)
•Period of Migration
•Reason of Migration
•Marital Status
•Educational Background
•Occupation
•Thai migrant in the NL (II)
Next mission (s)
Further research on queuing theory with gender perspectives included
Extend study of Thai migrant in another receiving country (US, Germany, UK, Scandinavian countries)
•Training programs for Thai migrants in NL (TH embassy)
•Questions & Discussion
•Should affirmative actions be introduced to stimulate women participation in the labor force as well as diversity in employment?
•If so, how and to what extent?
•Whether women would like to participate in the labor force or not, it should be from their own free choice/will (economic independence? Roles as housewife, mother, career woman or combination of all?)
BY
Matana Kester-Kotsan
Amsterdam, 9-7-2010
About me
Educational background
•BA (International Relations), BKK
•MA (International Social Development), Sydney
•Msc (Migration, Ethnic Relations & Multiculturalism), Utrecht
Professional Background
•Ministry of Labour (International Affairs)
•Royal Thai Embassy, the Hague (Education Cooperation)
•Women & Employment (I)
•Women & Employment (II)
•Migrants & Employment
•Migrants women
•Migrant Women from Asia & Africa
•Thai migrant in the NL (I)
•Period of Migration
•Reason of Migration
•Marital Status
•Educational Background
•Occupation
•Thai migrant in the NL (II)
Next mission (s)
Further research on queuing theory with gender perspectives included
Extend study of Thai migrant in another receiving country (US, Germany, UK, Scandinavian countries)
•Training programs for Thai migrants in NL (TH embassy)
•Questions & Discussion
•Should affirmative actions be introduced to stimulate women participation in the labor force as well as diversity in employment?
•If so, how and to what extent?
•Whether women would like to participate in the labor force or not, it should be from their own free choice/will (economic independence? Roles as housewife, mother, career woman or combination of all?)
Questions to think about?
Why can some countries make progress and others can’t ?
Do we concentrate too much on women in leadership and power positions and too little on disadvantaged, poor and disenfranchised women ?
Why isn’t progress towards equality quicker and more lasting?
Can efficiency and progress co-exist with justice and fairness?
More questions?
Sometimes asking the right questions is more important than producing a conclusion or recommendation…………
………?
………?
……….?
……….?
……….?
Draft recommendations conclusions
Crises can produce creative solutions because they require people to think and act differently.
The Global Gender Gap reports are a useful tool for macro-monitoring. We would like to see added an index which will measure the degree to which women are economic ally independent of men.
One thing that the economic crisis and the failure of the global financial sector, makes clear is that it is not women who are the problem, but the failure of institutional mechanisms to guarantee equal treatment. The heart of the matter is making change at institutional level.
…..continued
It is absolutely paramount that the economic case for gender equality is made alongside and co-exists with the social justice case.
That the current economic crisis will impact more severely on women’s economic well-being is without question, but it will also affect gender relations and domestic economies in a variety of ways, some of which will be detrimental to society.
Some countries achieve better results because they are able to create alliances and effective networks between public institutions, NGOs, the private sector and government and legal bodies.
…continued
Legal frameworks are a vital part of the infrastructure for gender equality. Where supra-national organisations exist, such as the EU and the OAU, these can enforce legal changes on reluctant national governments. But legal changes are not sufficient without cultural change, awareness and positive political will.
We are very concerned that some countries implementing severe public sector spending cuts will remove many of the non-governmental bodies which have done so much to promote justice and equality for women.
The road to equality is a broad avenue. Globally, it is important that women achieve positions of power and influence in politics, business, the arts and in health and public services, but real change cannot be secured without equal effort to improve the life chances of poor and disadvantaged women.
…and finally
Progress towards equality is being made, but the pace of change needs to be quicker. We need to accelerate the speed of change while we still have some control. The global threat from the impoverishment of women, needs to be avoided at all costs.
MOTIVATION
Do we concentrate too much on women in leadership and power positions and too little on disadvantaged, poor and disenfranchised women ?
Why isn’t progress towards equality quicker and more lasting?
Can efficiency and progress co-exist with justice and fairness?
More questions?
Sometimes asking the right questions is more important than producing a conclusion or recommendation…………
………?
………?
……….?
……….?
……….?
Draft recommendations conclusions
Crises can produce creative solutions because they require people to think and act differently.
The Global Gender Gap reports are a useful tool for macro-monitoring. We would like to see added an index which will measure the degree to which women are economic ally independent of men.
One thing that the economic crisis and the failure of the global financial sector, makes clear is that it is not women who are the problem, but the failure of institutional mechanisms to guarantee equal treatment. The heart of the matter is making change at institutional level.
…..continued
It is absolutely paramount that the economic case for gender equality is made alongside and co-exists with the social justice case.
That the current economic crisis will impact more severely on women’s economic well-being is without question, but it will also affect gender relations and domestic economies in a variety of ways, some of which will be detrimental to society.
Some countries achieve better results because they are able to create alliances and effective networks between public institutions, NGOs, the private sector and government and legal bodies.
…continued
Legal frameworks are a vital part of the infrastructure for gender equality. Where supra-national organisations exist, such as the EU and the OAU, these can enforce legal changes on reluctant national governments. But legal changes are not sufficient without cultural change, awareness and positive political will.
We are very concerned that some countries implementing severe public sector spending cuts will remove many of the non-governmental bodies which have done so much to promote justice and equality for women.
The road to equality is a broad avenue. Globally, it is important that women achieve positions of power and influence in politics, business, the arts and in health and public services, but real change cannot be secured without equal effort to improve the life chances of poor and disadvantaged women.
…and finally
Progress towards equality is being made, but the pace of change needs to be quicker. We need to accelerate the speed of change while we still have some control. The global threat from the impoverishment of women, needs to be avoided at all costs.
MOTIVATION
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Exploitation of Female Labor Force in Japan
Noriko Tani
Kyoto University (Japan)
taninoriko@gmail.com
Economic Crisis in Japan
•Male Unemployment Rate 5.5% (2010)
Female Unemployment Rate 4.7%
Female Employment Rate 48.5% (2009)
Male Employment Rate 72%
•Economic Crisis
More Part-time Employment
•In 2009, the number of part-time workers has increased 2.8% from the last year
•The number of full time workers has decreased 0.9%.
•Female irregular workers including female part-time workers = 54.1%
•Percentage of Part-time Workers
•Rate of Part-time Workers
•Number of Female Part-Time Workers
Part-Time = Poor Working Condition
Part-time workers : No social insurance and pension through their employers
full-time workers = permanent contracts
part-time workers = temporary contracts
•Financial Incentive for companies
to hire part-time workers
Salary does not increase with age
78 % of all companies reduced costs for personnel by hiring part-time workers.
Average Salary
Part-time workers =\194,800
Full-time workers =\316,500
(108 yen=1 euro).
•Expectations for Women
•Women are often expected to combine work and care.
•67% of female workers leave the company after the birth of their first child or after getting married.
Source: the ministry of health, labor and welfare
Women’s Choice: Leave or Continue?
•Reasons for leaving the job
•Difficult to combine work and household
•27% of female workers who quit the job because of marriage
•Reason: Physically and psychologically impossible to combine work and household
•Ideal and reality of working women
when they are giving the birth
•Reentry in labor market: M curve
• After their children grow, most of the mothers reenter the labor market as part-time workers
•New Short-Work Law (from 2010 July)
Until child gets 3 years old: 6 work hours
Only apply for full-time workers
•Male and Female
Labor Participation Rate 2008
•Female Labor Participation Rate(Japan)
•Japanese Working Policy
•Part-Time Work Law
Prohibit Discrimination against part-time workers whose job is same as full-time workers
(content of job, way of human resources, length of renewing temporary contracts)
53.5% of companies questioned: No influence
•Child Care Law
•Maternity Leave : 14 weeks
Given 67% of salary
•Child Care Leave: 1 Year
Given 50% of salary
Part-Time Workers cannot use this right
Unless hired by the same employer more than a year and will be hired afterwards
•Female Workers in Japan
•Decent Work=Only Full-Time
•Companies want Part-Time Workers
•Mothers: Quit the job and work again
Difficult to find full-time job
•Have to choose part-time work
•Exploited in poor working conditions
Kyoto University (Japan)
taninoriko@gmail.com
Economic Crisis in Japan
•Male Unemployment Rate 5.5% (2010)
Female Unemployment Rate 4.7%
Female Employment Rate 48.5% (2009)
Male Employment Rate 72%
•Economic Crisis
More Part-time Employment
•In 2009, the number of part-time workers has increased 2.8% from the last year
•The number of full time workers has decreased 0.9%.
•Female irregular workers including female part-time workers = 54.1%
•Percentage of Part-time Workers
•Rate of Part-time Workers
•Number of Female Part-Time Workers
Part-Time = Poor Working Condition
Part-time workers : No social insurance and pension through their employers
full-time workers = permanent contracts
part-time workers = temporary contracts
•Financial Incentive for companies
to hire part-time workers
Salary does not increase with age
78 % of all companies reduced costs for personnel by hiring part-time workers.
Average Salary
Part-time workers =\194,800
Full-time workers =\316,500
(108 yen=1 euro).
•Expectations for Women
•Women are often expected to combine work and care.
•67% of female workers leave the company after the birth of their first child or after getting married.
Source: the ministry of health, labor and welfare
Women’s Choice: Leave or Continue?
•Reasons for leaving the job
•Difficult to combine work and household
•27% of female workers who quit the job because of marriage
•Reason: Physically and psychologically impossible to combine work and household
•Ideal and reality of working women
when they are giving the birth
•Reentry in labor market: M curve
• After their children grow, most of the mothers reenter the labor market as part-time workers
•New Short-Work Law (from 2010 July)
Until child gets 3 years old: 6 work hours
Only apply for full-time workers
•Male and Female
Labor Participation Rate 2008
•Female Labor Participation Rate(Japan)
•Japanese Working Policy
•Part-Time Work Law
Prohibit Discrimination against part-time workers whose job is same as full-time workers
(content of job, way of human resources, length of renewing temporary contracts)
53.5% of companies questioned: No influence
•Child Care Law
•Maternity Leave : 14 weeks
Given 67% of salary
•Child Care Leave: 1 Year
Given 50% of salary
Part-Time Workers cannot use this right
Unless hired by the same employer more than a year and will be hired afterwards
•Female Workers in Japan
•Decent Work=Only Full-Time
•Companies want Part-Time Workers
•Mothers: Quit the job and work again
Difficult to find full-time job
•Have to choose part-time work
•Exploited in poor working conditions
Monday, July 19, 2010
Overview
In 1995 the International Training Centre for Women (MNO-ITW) organised the Women 2000 Conference for the first time.
Five years later the conference Women 2000-ll followed.
These conventions were organised to enable participants to exchange views on and experiences with funding for women.
In 2005 the third Global conference was followed called Gender Equity in Economy where INSTMW participated as an UN input.
MNO-ITW now organised the fourth conference, Women 2000-lV, in order to raise awareness and get a cleat idea of what women’s current position is concerning the influence of the worldwide economic crisis on the position of women. Because it is exactly this very crisis which we may consider a turning point for women.
All crises have their dangers and disadvantages but each and every crisis also entails creativity and new opportunities This conference aimed to produce information and recommendation on actions which will enhance Gender Equity as the turning point or Economic Development in the world.
During the two decades following the initial Women2000 conference and developments have occurred on gender equity. However, there is still a long way to 90, according to MNO-ITW, due to the continuing attitude of policy makers. The latter promote the idea of emancipation and empowerment of women, as it would already have been completed thus they portrait a far too positive picture. Women need to be involved in decision making regarding their future, economy, education, culture, media IICT and other activities.
The empowerment process is losing its momentum and needs to be readdressed. It is true that nowadays more often women in top positions appear in the media. Unfortunately it is but a small percentage of the capable women who would be able to play a large role at the top, if the opportunity is “seized'.
One of the Women 2000-lV conference's objectives was to emphasize that women should be recognized by financial organisation as serious entrepreneurs being able to come into force as a tuning point for economic crisis. The decision on funding for women is regularly influenced by prejudice in policy making. This situation must change as we agree upon economic participation and gender budgeting as to be one of the most important instruments for progress and continuing worldwide and local development.
During the Fourth WOMEN 2000 Conference we evaluated the effects of the Economic Crisis as a Turning point for Women: where and how we can step in.
Elsje Dijkgraaff
President MNO-ITW
Five years later the conference Women 2000-ll followed.
These conventions were organised to enable participants to exchange views on and experiences with funding for women.
In 2005 the third Global conference was followed called Gender Equity in Economy where INSTMW participated as an UN input.
MNO-ITW now organised the fourth conference, Women 2000-lV, in order to raise awareness and get a cleat idea of what women’s current position is concerning the influence of the worldwide economic crisis on the position of women. Because it is exactly this very crisis which we may consider a turning point for women.
All crises have their dangers and disadvantages but each and every crisis also entails creativity and new opportunities This conference aimed to produce information and recommendation on actions which will enhance Gender Equity as the turning point or Economic Development in the world.
During the two decades following the initial Women2000 conference and developments have occurred on gender equity. However, there is still a long way to 90, according to MNO-ITW, due to the continuing attitude of policy makers. The latter promote the idea of emancipation and empowerment of women, as it would already have been completed thus they portrait a far too positive picture. Women need to be involved in decision making regarding their future, economy, education, culture, media IICT and other activities.
The empowerment process is losing its momentum and needs to be readdressed. It is true that nowadays more often women in top positions appear in the media. Unfortunately it is but a small percentage of the capable women who would be able to play a large role at the top, if the opportunity is “seized'.
One of the Women 2000-lV conference's objectives was to emphasize that women should be recognized by financial organisation as serious entrepreneurs being able to come into force as a tuning point for economic crisis. The decision on funding for women is regularly influenced by prejudice in policy making. This situation must change as we agree upon economic participation and gender budgeting as to be one of the most important instruments for progress and continuing worldwide and local development.
During the Fourth WOMEN 2000 Conference we evaluated the effects of the Economic Crisis as a Turning point for Women: where and how we can step in.
Elsje Dijkgraaff
President MNO-ITW
Conferinta in Amsterdam
Conferinta internationala dedicata crizei economice, organizata in Amsterdm in zilele de 8-9 iulie (http://economic-crises-and-women.blogspot.com/), mi-a prilejuit o experienta diferita de a celorlalte prticipari la conferinte internatioale.
Participarea mea s-a datorat invitatiei primite de la presedinta organizatiei MNO-ITW din Olanda si obtinerii unei burse prin Programul Grundtvig, Vizite si schimburi (http://www.llp-ro.ro/llp.php?id=72&d=46&menu=)
M-am intalnit cu experti si cadre universitare de pe trei continente (Europa, Asia, Africa), directoare din ministere, colaboratoare ale Comisiei Europene, fost membre ale parlamentelor din tarile pe care le reprezentau, experte in domenii legate de problematica femeilor in contextul globalizarii.
Am pregatit pentru conferinta o prezentare a proiectului de parteneriat Grundtvig “Rolul antreprenoriatului in viata femeilor “(http://www.g2entrepreneurship.eu/), dar si o prezentare a celor mai frumoase obiective turistice din Romania.
Intamplarea a facut sa fim doar doua reprezentante din Europa de Est, eu si o participanta din Croatia, celelalte participante fiind din Franta, Japonia, Olanda, Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii si al Irlandei de Nord, Tailanda, Uganda.
Acest lucru a facut conferinta extrem de interesanta, problemele abordate aratand atat lucruri comune cat si diversitatea lumii in care traim.
Am plecat din Romania putin apasata de gandul la inundatii si la celelalte necazuri cu care ne confruntam.
Insa din nou am reusit sa –mi prezint tara intr-o lumina favorabila.
Rezultatul a fost ca toate participantele isi doresc ca urmatoarea conferinta sa se desfasoare in Romania, prezentarile despre Romania si despre proiectele in care este implicata Info Project trezind interesul tuturor.
Ma bucura acest lucru. Inseamna ca e poate sa nu parem mereu coada Europei si a lumii.
Ce am mai constatat cu prilejul calatoriei spre si dinspre Olanda?
Trenurile intarzie. Pierzi legaturi. Dar frecventa trenurilor e atat de buna incat nu te incurca pea tare.
Am preferat , in loc sa astept legatura cu avionul urmator pe un aeroport, sa clatoresc cu trenul de la Dortmund la Amsterdam.
Exceptand micile neplaceri cauzate de schimbarea liniilor in ultima clipa si pierderea legaturilor de pe schema de calatorie initiala, calatoria cu trenul prin Germnia si Olanda a fost extrem de interesanta.
Trenurile sunt extrem de confortabile si de curate.
Am remarcat multi copaci pe tot traseul. Sunt ca o perdea care protejeaza localitatile prin care trec liniile ferate.
Fermele sunt ingrijite si arata bunastare sau o stare de bine, privindu-le din tren.
Amsterdamul, cu canalele si numeroasele piste de biciclete, cu cladirile legate una de alta pentru a folosi tot spatiul existent, e un oras impresionant.
Doar 40% din populatie sunt bastinasi. Restul sunt imigranti de pe toate continentele.
Pacea si armonia par sa ofere un cadru special milioanelor de turisti care-l viziteaza an de an.
Muzeele Amsterdamului sunt minunate. Ele iti ofera prilejul sa te intalnesti cu toti marii pictori olandezi. Dar mai ales cu Van Gogh si Rembrandt. Intalnri pe care nu le poti rata.
Si Heineken iti demonstreaza cum se poate promova un brand si cum se pot obtine sume uriase din lucruri marunte dar de mult bun gust.
M-am intors acasa incarcata de energie pozitiva.
Am realizat deja un grup de discutii prin intermediul caruia incercam sa continuam ce aminceput in timpul conferintei: women_and_the_global_crisis.
Am creat si un Blog care ne va ajuta sa promovam ideile pe care le-am impartasit in Amsterdam. http://economic-crises-and-women.blogspot.com/
Deocamdata am publicat doar cateva informatii si fotografii. Speram sa prezentam in scurt timp si rezultate ale Conferintei.
E important sa calatoresti, sa vezi cum traiesc si alti oameni, sa vezi cum gandesc, sa compari, sa inveti.
Poate vom reusi impreuna sa contribuim ca societatea globala in care traim sa devina mai prietenoasa, mai buna si mai frumoasa.
Participarea mea s-a datorat invitatiei primite de la presedinta organizatiei MNO-ITW din Olanda si obtinerii unei burse prin Programul Grundtvig, Vizite si schimburi (http://www.llp-ro.ro/llp.php?id=72&d=46&menu=)
M-am intalnit cu experti si cadre universitare de pe trei continente (Europa, Asia, Africa), directoare din ministere, colaboratoare ale Comisiei Europene, fost membre ale parlamentelor din tarile pe care le reprezentau, experte in domenii legate de problematica femeilor in contextul globalizarii.
Am pregatit pentru conferinta o prezentare a proiectului de parteneriat Grundtvig “Rolul antreprenoriatului in viata femeilor “(http://www.g2entrepreneurship.eu/), dar si o prezentare a celor mai frumoase obiective turistice din Romania.
Intamplarea a facut sa fim doar doua reprezentante din Europa de Est, eu si o participanta din Croatia, celelalte participante fiind din Franta, Japonia, Olanda, Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii si al Irlandei de Nord, Tailanda, Uganda.
Acest lucru a facut conferinta extrem de interesanta, problemele abordate aratand atat lucruri comune cat si diversitatea lumii in care traim.
Am plecat din Romania putin apasata de gandul la inundatii si la celelalte necazuri cu care ne confruntam.
Insa din nou am reusit sa –mi prezint tara intr-o lumina favorabila.
Rezultatul a fost ca toate participantele isi doresc ca urmatoarea conferinta sa se desfasoare in Romania, prezentarile despre Romania si despre proiectele in care este implicata Info Project trezind interesul tuturor.
Ma bucura acest lucru. Inseamna ca e poate sa nu parem mereu coada Europei si a lumii.
Ce am mai constatat cu prilejul calatoriei spre si dinspre Olanda?
Trenurile intarzie. Pierzi legaturi. Dar frecventa trenurilor e atat de buna incat nu te incurca pea tare.
Am preferat , in loc sa astept legatura cu avionul urmator pe un aeroport, sa clatoresc cu trenul de la Dortmund la Amsterdam.
Exceptand micile neplaceri cauzate de schimbarea liniilor in ultima clipa si pierderea legaturilor de pe schema de calatorie initiala, calatoria cu trenul prin Germnia si Olanda a fost extrem de interesanta.
Trenurile sunt extrem de confortabile si de curate.
Am remarcat multi copaci pe tot traseul. Sunt ca o perdea care protejeaza localitatile prin care trec liniile ferate.
Fermele sunt ingrijite si arata bunastare sau o stare de bine, privindu-le din tren.
Amsterdamul, cu canalele si numeroasele piste de biciclete, cu cladirile legate una de alta pentru a folosi tot spatiul existent, e un oras impresionant.
Doar 40% din populatie sunt bastinasi. Restul sunt imigranti de pe toate continentele.
Pacea si armonia par sa ofere un cadru special milioanelor de turisti care-l viziteaza an de an.
Muzeele Amsterdamului sunt minunate. Ele iti ofera prilejul sa te intalnesti cu toti marii pictori olandezi. Dar mai ales cu Van Gogh si Rembrandt. Intalnri pe care nu le poti rata.
Si Heineken iti demonstreaza cum se poate promova un brand si cum se pot obtine sume uriase din lucruri marunte dar de mult bun gust.
M-am intors acasa incarcata de energie pozitiva.
Am realizat deja un grup de discutii prin intermediul caruia incercam sa continuam ce aminceput in timpul conferintei: women_and_the_global_crisis.
Am creat si un Blog care ne va ajuta sa promovam ideile pe care le-am impartasit in Amsterdam. http://economic-crises-and-women.blogspot.com/
Deocamdata am publicat doar cateva informatii si fotografii. Speram sa prezentam in scurt timp si rezultate ale Conferintei.
E important sa calatoresti, sa vezi cum traiesc si alti oameni, sa vezi cum gandesc, sa compari, sa inveti.
Poate vom reusi impreuna sa contribuim ca societatea globala in care traim sa devina mai prietenoasa, mai buna si mai frumoasa.
Sunday, July 18, 2010
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